In 2025, the European Space Agency celebrates its 50th anniversary. European scientists provide, in this brochure, a remarkable gift to decision makers. They explain, with simple words and compelling visuals, how twelve scientific discoveries and their benefits for society have been made possible thanks to the European Space Agency and its Earth Observation programme.
For the first time, in 2024, the Earth’s global surface temperature has exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The rate of human-caused heat uptake is still increasing, causing fast changes across the whole climate system – the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere, leading to an acceleration of global sea level rise, and an intensification of the water cycle. Every world’s region is facing an escalation of adverse and severe impacts and losses and damages, hitting hard those most vulnerable.
Space observations play a key role in tackling climate science knowledge gaps, diagnosing the processes at play, sharpening our scientific understanding of the Earth system, and advancing confidence in future projections.
Space observations also play a critical role by informing our responses to a changing climate, including risk management and progress towards carbon neutrality. Real time atmosphere, land and ocean observations improve weather and air quality forecasts, which are critical for early warning systems and disaster relief.
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